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.enced President Lyndon B.Johnson s War on Pov-Chosen to lead the National Urban League in erty legislation.In Beyond Racism: Building an1961, Young continued the league s traditional Open Society (1969) Young described his hopes forstress on employment and social service, but in- the future.volved the league more directly in the Civil Rights Young s success in raising money from wealthymovement.He convinced his board of directors to white individuals and foundations aroused the en-make the Urban League one of the major sponsors mity of some radical black activists, who accusedof the 1963 March on Washington.Young s concili- him of being controlled by whites.However,atory personality and mediation skills helped hold Young never lost his faith in integration as thetogether the movement s traditional and militant fundamental black goal.elements through the 1960 s.In 1971, while attending a conference in Lagos,Young used the Urban League s contacts with Nigeria, Young drowned while swimming in theleaders of major American corporations to raise ocean.increasing sums of money for the league and to Milton Berman937heavily padded shoulders; low, wide-brimmedhats; and draped key chains.Known as zoot suits,these outfits became symbols of pride for youngZChicano men.World War II brought new prosper-ity to the Mexican American areas of Los Angeles,as defense-related industries employed local resi-dents.The resulting changes increased the antipa-thy of many whites toward Mexican Americans.Fearing violence, young Mexican American menZoot suit riots patrolled their neighborhoods, and this added to anY'Zoot Suit riotalready volatile situation.On June 3, 1943, white1943: Race riot involving Mexican Ameri-sailors on liberty in Los Angeles entered the Mexi-cans and white servicemen in Los Angeles,can American community and attacked young menCalifornia.wearing zoot suits.Over the next several daysDuring the late 1930 s young Los Angeles Mexi- tensions mounted until military authorities declaredcan Americans adopted a style of dress that in- the entire area off-limits to servicemen.cluded baggy pants; long, loose-fitting jackets with Duncan R.Jamieson938The Declaration of IndependenceIn Congress, July 4, 1776 immediate and pressing Importance, unless sus-The unanimous declaration of the thirteen pended in their Operation till his Assent should beUnited States of America obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterlyneglected to attend to them.When in the Course of human Events, it becomes He has refused to pass other Laws for the Ac-necessary for one People to dissolve the Political commodation of large Districts of People, unlessBands which have connected them with another, those People would relinquish the Right of Repre-and to assume among the Powers of the Earth, the sentation in the Legislature, a Right inestimable toseparate and equal Station to which the Laws of them, and formidable to Tyrants only.Nature and of Nature s God entitle them, a decent He has called together Legislative Bodies atRespect to the Opinions of Mankind requires that Places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant fromthey should declare the causes which impel them to the Depository of their public Records, for the solethe Separation.Purpose of fatiguing them into Compliance with hisWe hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Measures.Men are created equal, that they are endowed by He has dissolved Representative Houses repeat-their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that edly, for opposing with manly Firmness his Inva-among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of sions on the Rights of the People.Happiness That to secure these Rights, Govern- He has refused for a long Time, after such Disso-ments are instituted among Men, deriving their just lutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby thePowers from the Consent of the Governed, that Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, havewhenever any Form of Government becomes de- returned to the People at large for their exercise;structive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People the State remaining in the mean time exposed to allto alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Govern- the Dangers of Invasion from without, and Convul-ment, laying its Foundation on such Principles, and sions within.organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them He has endeavoured to prevent the Populationshall seem most likely to effect their Safety and of these States; for that Purpose obstructing theHappiness.Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Gov- Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing toernments long established should not be changed pass others to encourage their Migrations hither,for light and transient Causes; and accordingly all and raising the Conditions of new AppropriationsExperience hath shewn, that Mankind are more of Lands.disposed to suffer, while Evils are sufferable, than He has obstructed the Administration of Justice,to right themselves by abolishing the Forms to by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishingwhich they are accustomed.But when a long Train Judiciary Powers.of Abuses and Usurpations, pursuing invariably the He has made Judges dependent on his Willsame Object, evinces a Design to reduce them alone, for the Tenure of their Offices, and theunder absolute Despotism, it is their Right, it is Amount and Payment of their Salaries.their Duty, to throw off such Government, and to He has erected a Multitude of new Offices, andprovide new Guards for their future Security.Such sent hither Swarms of Officers to harass our Peo-has been the patient Sufferance of these Colonies; ple, and eat out their Substance.and such is now the Necessity which constrains He has kept among us, in Times of Peace, Stand-them to alter their former Systems of Government.ing Armies, without the consent of our Legislatures.The History of the present King of Great-Britain is He has affected to render the Military inde-a History of repeated Injuries and Usurpations, all pendent of and superior to the Civil Power.having in direct Object the Establishment of an He has combined with others to subject us to aabsolute Tyranny over these States.To prove this, Jurisdiction foreign to our Constitution, and unac-let Facts be submitted to a candid World.knowledged by our Laws; giving his Assent to theirHe has refused his Assent to Laws, the most Acts of pretended Legislation:wholesome and necessary for the public Good.For quartering large Bodies of Armed TroopsHe has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of among us:939The Declaration of IndependenceFor protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Pun- In every stage of these Oppressions we haveishment for any Murders which they should commit Petitioned for Redress in the most humble Terms:on the Inhabitants of these States: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only byFor cutting off our Trade with all Parts of the repeated Injury.A Prince, whose Character is thusWorld: marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, isFor imposing Taxes on us without our Consent: unfit to be the Ruler of a free People.For depriving us, in many Cases, of the Benefits Nor have we been wanting in Attentions to ourof Trial by Jury: British Brethren.We have warned them from TimeFor transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for to Time of Attempts by their Legislature to extendpretended Offences: an unwarrantable Jurisdiction over us.We haveFor abolishing the free System of English Laws in reminded them of the Circumstances of our Emigra-a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an tion and Settlement here
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