[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
.Prep.ÏåòðîâûìÏåòðîâåß ãîâîðèë ñÏåòðîâîé ß ãîâîðèë îÏåòðîâîéÏåòðîâûìèÏåòðîâûõPart 5page 57Eugenia NekrasovaThe Declension of Names, Geographic Names and noun-replacing PronounsA Basic Modern Russian GrammarTHE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN ADJECTIVAL SURNAMESMany common Russian surnames decline like adjectives.There are two main types:Type Óñïåíñêèé Type Òîëñò9 éThe Nominative ends in The Nominative ends in-ñêèé M.-îé M.-ñêàÿ F.-àÿ F.-ñêèå Pl.-ûå Pl.They decline on the pattern ofThey decline on the pattern ofðóññêèé - Mixed declension typeíîâûé - Hard declension typeType ÓñïåíñêèéNom.Acc.M.ÓñïåíñêèéÓñïåíñêîãîF.Óñïåíñêàÿ ÓñïåíñêóþÎí âèäåëPl.Óñïåíñêèå ÓñïåíñêèõGen.Instr.ÓñïåíñêîãîÓñïåíñêèìÓ íåò äåòåé Îí ãîâîðèë ñÓñïåíñêîéÓñïåíñêîéÓñïåíñêèõÓñïåíñêèìèDat.ÓñïåíñêîìóÎí ðàññêàçàë âñ¸ÓñïåíñêîéPrep.ÓñïåíñêèìÓñïåíñêîìÎí ãîâîðèë îáÓñïåíñêîéÓñïåíñêèõPart 5page 58Eugenia NekrasovaThe Declension of Names, Geographic Names and noun-replacing PronounsA Basic Modern Russian GrammarTypeÒîëñò9 éNom.Gen.M.Òîëñò9 éÒîëñò9 ãîáûëî ìíîãî äåòåéÓF.Òîëñòàÿ Òîëñò9 éPl.Òîëñòûå ÒîëñòûõAcc.Dat.Òîëñò9 ãîÒîëñò9 ìóÎí ðàññêàçàë âñ¸ÒîëñòóþÎí ìíîãî ðàç âèäåëÒîëñò9 éÒîëñòûõÒîëñòûìInstr.ÒîëñòûìÎí ìíîãî ðàç âñòðå÷àëñÿ ñÒîëñò9 éPrep.ÒîëñòûìèÒîëñò9 ìÎí ìíîãî ðàññêàçûâàë îÒîëñò9 éÒîëñòûõTHE DECLENSION OF RUSSIAN PATRONIMICSRussian Male Patronimics end in -îâè÷/-åâè÷/-è÷ likeÈâàí Ïåòðîâè÷, Èâàí Âàñèëüåâè÷, Èâàí Êóçüìè÷.Russian Female Patronimics end in -îâíà/-åâíà/-è÷íà likeÅëåíà Ïåòðîâíà, Åëåíà Âàñèëüåâíà, Åëåíà Êóçüìèíè÷íàAll Russian female patronimics decline on the pattern of Ìîñêâà:Ìîñêâà = Åëåíà = ÏåòðîâíàFor example:Nom.Ýòî Åëåíà Ïåòðîâíà.Gen.Ó Åëåíû Ïåòðîâíû íåò ñîáàêè.Dat.ß çâîíèë Åëåíå Ïåòðîâíå.Acc.ß âèäåë Åëåíó Ïåòðîâíó.Instr.ß ãîâîðèë ñ Åëåíîé Ïåòðîâíîé.Prep.Ìû ãîâîðèëè î Åëåíå Ïåòðîâíå.Part 5page 59Eugenia NekrasovaThe Declension of Names, Geographic Names and noun-replacing PronounsA Basic Modern Russian GrammarAll Russian male patronimics decline on the pattern of Èâàí,except for the Instrumental (-åì/-¸ì instead of -îì).For example:Nom.Ýòî Èâàí Ïåòðîâè÷.Gen.Ó Èâàíà Ïåòðîâè÷à íåò ñîáàêè.Dat.ß çâîíèë Èâàíó Ïåòðîâè÷ó.Acc.=Gen.ß âèäåë Èâàíà Ïåòðîâè÷à.Instr.ß ãîâîðèë ñ Èâàíîì Ïåòðîâè÷åì.(-¸ì in Êóçüìè÷¸ì)Prep.Ìû ãîâîðèëè îá Èâàíå Ïåòðîâè÷å.hNotice!THE DECLENSION OF NON-RUSSIAN PEOPLE`S NAMESFirst namesMale namesForeign first male names decline, only if they end in a consonant -à/-é,or a soft consonant (consonant + ü).For example:Äæåê ó Äæåêà,Ýðèê ó Ýðèêà,Äæîí ó Äæîíà,Ìàéêë ó Ìàéêëà,Àáäàëëà ó ÀáäàëëûFemale namesForeign female names decline only if they end in -à, -ÿ, -èÿ or -üÿ.For example:Êðèñòèíà ó Êðèñòèíû,Ñîíÿ ó Ñîíè,Ñîôèÿ ó ÑîôèèPart 5page 60Eugenia NekrasovaThe Declension of Names, Geographic Names and noun-replacing PronounsA Basic Modern Russian GrammarSo, the majority of non-Russian first names,hboth male and female, are indeclinable in Russian.Notice!For example:Áèëëè = ó Áèëëè, Ëåî = ó Ëåî,Áåòòè = ó Áåòòè, Êëåð = ó Êëýð,×àðëè = ó ×àðëè, Ýäèò = ó ÝäèòSURNAMESOnly consonant - ending male surnames can decline.For example:Ëåííîí ó ËåííîíàÑòàðð ó ÑòàððàÁðàóí ó Áðàóíà,Ýéíøòåéí ó Ýéíøòåéíà etc.THE DECLENSION OF NON-RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHIC NAMESRussians decline (as nouns) only those non-Russian geographicnames which are transcribed in Russian with the final consonant (bothhard and soft), -é, -à, -ÿ, -üÿ or -èÿ.For example:ãäå?Ëîíäîí â Ëîíäîíå,Áðþññåëü â Áðþññåëå,Êèòàé â Êèòàå,Òåìçà íà/â Òåìçå,Äóíàé íà/â Äóíàå,Âåíåöèÿ â ÂåíåöèèPlural-only nouns:Ðîññèÿ â Ðîññèè,Àëüïû â Àëüïàõ,Ïàìèð íà Ïàìèðåetc.Ãàâàéè íà Ãàâàéÿõ,Êàíàðû íà Êàíàðàõetc.Part 5page 61Eugenia NekrasovaThe Declension of Names, Geographic Names and noun-replacing PronounsA Basic Modern Russian GrammarPERSONAL PRONOUNSRussian personal pronouns are as follows:SingularPlural1.ÿ - I1.ìû - we2.òû - you (informal), âû - you (formal) - (referring to2.âû - youmore than one)3.îí - he, it, îíà - she, it, îíî - it3.îíè - theyTHE USE OF òû AND âûThe use of òû and âû in Russian, when referring to one person, presentsa certain difficulty for a foreign learner.Here you may find the main guidelines:Talking to strangers in public placesadult & child adult & teenager or young personâû,òûòû âûâûadult & adult young person & young personâûâû,òûmiddle-aged adult & elderly personòûâûPart 5page 62Eugenia NekrasovaThe Declension of Names, Geographic Names and noun-replacing PronounsA Basic Modern Russian GrammarTalking to a familiar personfriends and relatives always use òûòûòûfriend & friendòûòûrelative & relativeat worksame status different statusyounger person & older personlower status & higher statusâû,òûâûThe choice dependsòû is used seldomon many factors!at kindergartens, schools, colleges and universitieskindergarten schoolchild & teacherschoolchild & teacheròûâûòûâûPart 5page 63Eugenia NekrasovaThe Declension of Names, Geographic Names and noun-replacing PronounsA Basic Modern Russian Grammarcollege or universitystudent & studentstudent & teacherâû,òûâû,òûâûòûchildren and teenagers use only òû to each other.If òû is used instead of âû to an unknown adulthin a public place, it can be taken for an insult.Notice!òûReferring to God, nature and animals we use òû
[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]