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.Figure H-1 provides a worksheet for considering fratricide risk in the context ofmission requirements.The worksheet lists 26 mission-accomplishment factorsthat affect the risk of fratricide.Assess the potential risk in each area as low,medium, or high, and assign a point value to each (one point for low risk, twofor medium risk, three for high risk).Add the point values for the overallfratricide assessment score.Use the resulting score only as a guide, however.Your final assessment must be based both on observable risk factors like those feel for the intangible factors affecting theon the worksheet and on youroperation.Note that descriptive terms are listed only in the low- and high-riskcolumns of the worksheet.Your assessment of each factor will determinewhether the risk matches one of these extremes or lies somewhere betweenthem as a medium risk.The following fratricide reduction measures are provided as reminders forprudent/appropriate actions to reduce fratricide risk.They are not directive innature, nor intended to restrict initiative.Apply the following measures toMETT-T situations as appropriate:" Identify and assess potential fratricide risk in estimate of the situation.Express this risk in the OPORD or FRAGO." Maintain situational awareness-current intelligence; unit locations/dis-positions; denial areas (minefields/FASCAM); contaminated areas (e.g.,ICM and NBC); SITREPs; and METT-T." Ensure positive target identification.Review vehicle/weapons ID cards.Know at what ranges and under what conditions positive ID of friendlyvehicles/weapons is possible,H-4FM 90-3Establish a command climate that stresses fratricide prevention.Enforcefratricide prevention measures; use doctrinally sound tactics, techniques,and procedures to ensure constant supervision of execution of orders andperformance to standards.Recognize the signs of battlefield stress.Take quick effective action todeal with it to maintain unit cohesion.Conduct individual and collective (unit) fratricide awareness training;target identification/recognition training; fire discipline; and leadertraining.Develop a simple decisive plan.Give complete and concise mission orders.Use SOPS that are consistent with doctrine to simplify mission orders.Periodically review and change SOPS as needed.Strive for maximum planning time for you and your subordinates.Use common language/vocabulary and doctrinally correct standardterminology and control measures, such as, fire support coordination line(FSCL), zone of engagement, restrictive fire line (RFL), and others.Ensure thorough coordination is performed.Plan for and establish good communications.Plan for collocation of command posts, as appropriate to the mission(e.g., passage of lines, and so forth).Establish and designate liaison officers (LO) as appropriate.Make sure rules of engagement (ROE) are clear.Consider the effect of fratricide on key elements of terrain analysis(observation and fields of fires, cover and concealment, obstacles andmovement, key terrain, and avenues of approach).Conduct rehearsals whenever the situation allows time to do so.Be in the right place at the right time.Use position location/navigation(GPS) devices; know your location and the locations of adjacent units(left, right, leading and follow on); and synchronize tactical movement.Include fratricide incidents in after-action reviews (AAR).H-5FM 90-3H-6FM 90-3FRATRICIDE RISK CONSIDERATIONSThis format, which parallels the five-paragraph OPORD, contains key factorsand considerations in fratricide reduction, This is not a change to the OPORDformat; rather, it should be used during OPORD development to ensure fratricidereduction measures are included in the order.It is not a strict guide.The factorsand considerations are listed where they would likely appear in the OPORD, butthey may warrant evaluation during preparation of other paragraphs.1.Situation.a.Enemy forces.(1) Are there similarities between enemy and friendly equipment anduniforms that could lead to fratricide?(2) What languages do enemy forces speak? Could these contribute tofratricide risk?(3) What are the enemy s deception capabilities and its past record ofdeception activites?(4) Do you know the locations of enemy forces?b.Friendly forces.(1) Among the allied forces, are there differences (or similarities withenemy forces) in language, uniform, and equipment that couldincrease fratricide risk during combined operations?(2) Could differences in equipment and uniforms among US armedforces increase fratricide risk during joint operations?(3) What differences in equipment and uniforms can be stressed to helpprevent fratricide?(4) What is the friendly deception plan?(5) What arc the locations of your unit and adjacent units (left, right,leading, follow-on)?(6) What are the locations of neutrals and noncombatants?c.Own forces.(1) What is the status of training activities? What are the levels ofindividual, crew, and unit proficiency?(2) Will fatigue be a factor for friendly forces during the operation?Has an effective sleep plan been developed?H-7FM 90-3(3) Are friendly forces acclimatized to the area of operations?(4) What is the age (new, old, or mix) and condition of equipment infriendly units? What is the status of new equipment training (NET)?(5) What are the expected MOPP requirements for the operation?d.Attachments and detachments.(1) Do attached elements know the above information regarding enemyand friendly forces?(2) Are detached elements supplied the above information by theirgaining units?e.Weather.(1) What are the expected visibility conditions (light data andprecipitation) for the operation?(2) What effect will heat and cold have on troops, weapons, andequipment?f.Terrain.(1) Do you know the topography and vegetation (such as urban,mountains, hilly, rolling, flat, desert, swamp/marsh, prairie/steppe,jungle, dense forest, open woods) of the expected area ofoperations?(2) Have you evaluated the terrain using the factors of OCOKA?2.Mission.Is the mission, as well as all associated tasks and purposes, clearlyunderstood?3.Execution.a.Task organization
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