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.See Díaz-Cotto’s “Reference List” (2006), Prisoners of Conscience Project (1992), Network of Black Organizers Staff (1996), and Morín (2005).2.Some examined prisoner subcultures or racial conflicts between prisoners in maleyright material frinstitutions (Carroll 1977; Jacobs 1977; Irwin 1980).Cop3.Others discussed how racism influenced the treatment of U.S.prisoners in women’s reformatories and state prisons (Rafter 1985; Hicks 1999) and race relations in federal penitentiaries for women (Kruttschnitt 1983).4.In 1998, Luana Ross published Inventing the savage: The social construction of Native American criminality, a groundbreaking case study of the treatment received by Native American women imprisoned in Montana.5.Barrios can refer to a neighborhood, a territory claimed by a gang, or the gang itself.6.Francis A.J.Ianni’s Black mafia (1974) discussed the participation of Puerto Rican and African Americans in informal prisoners groups and economic networks at Green 10.1057/9780230101470 - Behind Bars, Edited by Suzanne Obolerpal-oboler-17.indd 255pal-oboler-17.indd 2559/15/09 1:10 PM9/15/09 1:10 PM256 JUANITA DÍAZ-COTTOHaven and Attica penitentiaries following the 1971 Attica prison rebellion.Ianni’s conclusions were based on information provided primarily by two field assistants, one of whom had been imprisoned at Attica and the other at Green Haven.Ianni believed that the histories of the institutions were so similar that he merged the accounts of both prisons into one narrative.However, the fact that Green Haven was where penal elites experimented with prison reforms and the formation of formal prisoner groups as of 1972 (Díaz-Cotto 1996) makes it unlikely that the experiences of prisoners were so similar in both facilities as to warrant such merging.7.Lee (1977) provided a profile of Latina(o) prisoners in New Jersey.The Hispanic Inmate Needs Task Force (1986) documented the concerns of Latina(o) state prisoners and staff in New York State.8.Some examples are Sánchez (1971, 1976, 1983, 1990), Thomas (1974), Piñero (1975), Torres (1975, 1981), Talamantez (1976), Baca (1979, 2001), Santana (1985), Cardozo-Freeman (1991), Olguín (1995, 1997), Salinas (1995, 1999), Peláez (2001), Rodríguez (2006), and Salinas and Mendoza (2006).In 2002, Jorge Antonio Renaud became theveConnect - 2011-05-06first prisoner to write a guide describing the functioning of a major state penitentiaryalgrasystem (Texas) in the United States.9.Although I use the term “collaboration” to speak about cooperation between pintas(os)tium - Pand non- pintas(os), Dylan Rodríguez and Viet Mike Ngo (the latter imprisoned in California) have argued that “the vernacular of ‘collaboration’ (or coalition, solidarity, partnership, etc.) exaggerates the political and historical possibilities of those meetings between free and unfree, to the extent that one of the ‘collaborators’ is categorically immobilized-not at liberty to move, speak, and practice” (Rodríguez 2006, 33).aiwan eBook Consor10.Social scientists who want to make their work accessible to nonscholars also face aca-Tdemic criteria that judges whose work is “scholarly” and “theoretical” and therefore worthy of receiving recognition, financial support, and publishing.11.Being an insider does not shield scholars from the criticism of other academic insiders who have different viewpoints or are competing for the right to represent the interests of pintas(os) and other barrio residents.12.Although a comparison of Chicana Lives and Criminal Justice and Homeboys would allow us to gauge the impact preincarceration experiences have on how Chicanos andveconnect.com - licensed toChicanas experience their confinement, as well as the impact imprisonment has on pintas(os) and their communities, limitations of space do not allow for comparisons of.palgrathat type at this time.Thus, I limit my discussion here to Díaz-Cotto’s Gender, Ethnicity and the State (1996).om www13.The exception to this pattern is state-raised youths who formed the majority of members of Mexican Mafia and Nuestra Familia.yright material frReferencesCopAlcoff, Linda Martín.1995.The problem of speaking for others.In Who can speak: Authority and critical identity, ed.Judith Roof and Robyn Wiegman, 97 – 119.Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Anguiera, Katherine.1988.To make the personal political: The use of testimony as a consciousness-raising tool against sexual aggression in Puerto Rico.Oral History Review 16(2): 65–93.Arnold, Regina.1994.Black women in prison: The price of resistance.In Women of color in U.S.society, ed.Maxine Baca Zinn and Bonnie Thorton Dill, 171–84.Philadelphia: Temple University Press.10.1057/9780230101470 - Behind Bars, Edited by Suzanne Obolerpal-oboler-17.indd 256pal-oboler-17.indd 2569/15/09 1:10 PM9/15/09 1:10 PMCHICANA(O)/LATINA(O) PRISONERS 257Baca, Jimmy Santiago.1979.Immigrants in our own land.Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.———.2001.A place to stand.New York: Grove.Badillo, Herman, and Milton Haynes.1972.A bill of no rights: Attica and the American prison system.New York: Outerbridge and Lazard.Becker, Howard.1967.Whose side are we on? Social Problems 14:239–47.Brown, Claude.1965.Manchild in the promised land.New York: Macmillan.Cardozo-Freeman.1991, Inez.Memoirs of a pinto.The Americas Review 19 (1): 74–82.Carroll, Leo.1977.Hacks, blacks, and cons: Race relations in a maximum security prison.Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland.Chicano Pinto Research Project.1975.Final report.Los Angeles: Chicano Pinto Research Project.Cleaver, Eldridge.1968.Soul on ice.New York: McGraw Hill.Clemmer, Donald.1940.The prison community.New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.Cummins, Eric.1994.The rise and fall of California’s radical prison movement.Stanford, CA:veConnect - 2011-05-06Stanford University Press.algraDavidson, R.Theodore.1974.Chicano prisoners: The key to San Quentin.New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.tium - PDavis, Angela.1974.Angela Davis: An autobiography.New York: Random House, 1974.[Reprint edition.New York: International Publishers.1988.]Davis, Angela Y., Ruchell Magee, the Soledad Brothers and other political prisoners.1971.If they come in the morning.New York: New American Library.Díaz-Cotto, Juanita.1996.Gender, ethnicity, and the state: Latina and Latino prison politics.aiwan eBook ConsorAlbany, NY: SUNY Press.T———.2000.Race, ethnicity, and gender in studies of incarceration.In States of confine-ments: Policing, detention and prisons, ed.Joy James.New York: St.Martin’s.———.2006.Chicana lives and criminal justice: Voices from el barrio.Austin: University of Texas Press.Fishman, Laura T.1990.Women at the wall: A study of prisoners’ wives doing time on the outside.Albany, NY: SUNY Press.Giallombardo, Rose.1966.Society of women: A study of a women’s prison.New York: Johnveconnect.com - licensed toWiley.Glaser, Barney, and Anselm Strauss.1967.The discovery of grounded theory.Chicago: Aldine.palgraHarlow, Barbara.1992.Barred: Women, writing, and political detention.Hanover, CT: Wes-leyan University Press.om wwwHicks, Cheryl Deloris.1999
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